What is a cutting geometry?

Cutting geometry, also known as "tool geometry", is the shape of the cutting part of a tool that enables effective cutting action. The cutting geometry can be broken down into macro- and micro- geometries. The macro cutting geometry refers to the shapes of the tool's face and flank while micro cutting geometry relates to the minute details or the fine structure of the tool's cutting edge.

What is the tool's wear land?

An emulsion is essentially a mixture of liquids that are typically immiscible. In the case of oil-water emulsions, which are intended for cutting, these two liquids are oil and water. An oil-water emulsion, when used in cutting, serves a dual purpose: it cools and lubricates. The water in the emulsion functions as a coolant, while the oil acts as a lubricant. Therefore, this emulsion serves as a cooling lubricant. Oil-water emulsions are also known as cutting or machining emulsions, soluble oils, and semi-synthetic coolants.

Entering angle

– a cutting edge angle.

Feed force

– the component of the resultant (or total) cutting force that acts on a cutting tool in the direction of the feed.

Miller

– a milling machine

Wandering

– in drilling, wandering is a term used to describe a situation in which a drill deviates from its intended path. This can occur for several reasons, such as improper centering of the drill or drill damage.
Drill wandering can lead to inaccuracies in the expected results of the drilling process. Drill wandering is also referred to as "drill drifting".