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312 ISCAR FORMULAS AND DEFINITIONSFeed Force (Ff)Feed force is the axial force required to advance the drill bit into the material, measured in Newtons (N).Formula:Ff = kf %u00d7 ACWhen:Ff = feed force (N)kf = specific feed force (N/mm%u00b2)AC = cross-sectional area of the cut (mm%u00b2)Machining Time (tc)Machining time is the time required to complete the drilling operation, usually measured in minutes.Formula:tc = l vfWhen:tc = machining time (min)l = depth of the hole (mm)vf = feed rate (mm/min)
